Internal-grinding machine



June 14, 1927.

F. O. HOAGLAND INTERNAL GRINDING MACHIN Original Filed Feb. 28 1923 5 SheetS Sheet 1 F. O. HOAGLAND INTERNAL GRINDING MACHINE June 14, 1927.

Original Filed Feb. 2a, 1925 3 Shee ts-S heet 5 Fatented June 14, 1927.

1,632,!5. PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK 0. HOAGLAND, 0F BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGH- MENT S, T0 PRATT &; WHITNEY COMPANYyOF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

mrEanAL-enmnme MACHINE;

Application filed February 2a, was, Scria1 lo.621,7 85.' 'Renfewed Kay 12, me.

.. This invention relates to a machine for having a planetary or orbital'motion and which preferably does not move, vertically. The grinding wheel in the embodiment of the invention illustrated is advanced '11! a downward direction toward the' work, with,

means providedfonrotating the grinding wheel on its own axis. V Means also are provided for actuating the work in a planetary path on a; parallel axis combined with a parallel motion arrangement for insuring the movement of the work in a uniformmanner without side motion.

Another object ofthe invention is to pro-, vide a machine of this type with means for adjusting the radius at which the work is actuated and for adjusting it .to as fine a degree as may be desired; also another ob1ect is to. provide for securing this adjustment by a straight linemotion of an eccentric pin for driving thehwork; and finally it is another object to provide a convenient form of gearing for securing adjustments in the radius offmovement of the Work, operatable when the work is rotating. 4 I

The invention also involves improvements in the details of construction and combinations of parts for accomplishing these results. I

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which -Fig. 1 is. aside elevation of an internal grindingmachine constructed in accordance vwith this invention;

Fig. 2 is a front view of same.

Fig. 3 is a central sectional view of the base and work table, and the ,mechanism thcreinon an enlarged scale.

' Fig. 4 is a similar view on a still further enlarged scale of the lowerportion thereof. Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 55 of Fig. 4. r I Fig. 6 is a plan of the worktableshowing' the parallel motion con nectionsvpartly in dotted lines and partly broken away to show them in detail.

a portion of the Fig. 7 is a plan of the center pin adjusting mechanism; Fig. 8 is a sectional View ofthe same on the line 8 -Sof Fig. 3; and

7 Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are sectional views of the parallel motion connections on the lines 99, l0.10 and 11-11 respectlvely' of Fig. 6.'

I have shown the invention as ap lied to.

a machine, frame 10 patterned lar e y after the ordinary upright drill, This rame has a base 11 for supporting the frame l0 and thelattr extends upwardly to a convenient height, and I have shown it as provided with pulleys '12 and powertransmission mechanism 13 for rotating aldrill spindle 14. This drill spindleis mounted ina quill '15, having a rack 16 as is wellunderstood in this art, adapted, to be raised and lowered by a pinion, not shown, connected with a air of y the handles 17 adapted to be turned operator for the purpose of raising and is not limited to its use in connection with a drill or. drill spindle or any e uivalent thereof, but can'conveniently be use in connection with such a device used for drilling, tapping, reaming or the like.

This quill '15 is supported in a head 18 which extends backwardly towards the frame and is provided with dove tail conthe frame 10 in vertical ways 19. This is done by a rack and pinion construction operdle 22 connected, to be driven eitherfrom.

the shaft on which the pulley 12 is located, or in any other desired way. It is arranged to be driven independently of the spindle 14,.and in fact the drill spindleand its connected partscan be omitted entirelywithin the scope of this invention.

I have shown at thebottom of the frame a. mam driving shaft 25 having tight and loose pull ii if' 26 thereon,'throughwhich it is dr en. is shaft is shown; as provided.

withla cone pulley 27 for driving the cone lowering this drill spindle. This {invention struction adapted to be moved up and down pulley 12. This shaft 25 drives a shaft 25 on which is a, worm 28 meshing with and driving a worm wheel 29 keyed to avertic'al hollow shaft 30 located in a stationary hollow base31 which extends upwardly and forms a support for a horizontal table 32 for supporting the work. The rotation of this hollow shaft 30 is of course communicated directly to a head 33 located thereon in, the upper art of the base under the table. Extending tirough the hollow shaft is a central shaft '35 which is centered therein and is provided with two opposite bevel gears 36 and 37 of. the same. size and number of teeth. The gear36 is keyed to the shaft and thegear-37 is free with respect thereto and constitutes an independently rotatable member. It is mounted on a sleeve 38 on the bottom of the shaft and has a bearing in a'stationary bevel gear 39 below it. This stationary gear 39 1s fixed by screws 46 or the like on at cup-shaped support 40in the base of the machine.

Free on the shaft 35 between the beveled gears 36 .and 37 is a hub 41 within which,

therefore, this shaft may rotate and which also rotates itself. This constitutes a support for two diametrically opposite studs 42 which therefore act together and virtually constitute a transverse shaft which does not rotate on its own axis, but does rotate as a whole on a vertical axis. These two studs carry two bevel gears 43 and 44. The gear 44 meshes with the two gears 36 and 37, while the gear 43 meshes with the gear 39, and with a bevel gear 45 which is keyed to the hollow shaft 30. I have shown the two gears 39 and 45 as of the same diameter and number of teeth, and the two gears 36 and 37 also as of the same diameter and number of teeth.

'Now let it be assumed that the gear 37 is held in stationary position. .It has been stated that the gear 39 is absolutely fixed in stationary position. Now the rotation of the hollow shaft 30carries with it' the gear 45 and as thegear 39 is stationary causes the gear 43 to roll around on the gear39. This 9 rotates the shaft 42 with the shaft 30 at half iug shaft 50. through a pair of bevel gears 51 by a shaft speed and it takes with it the bevel gear 44 and rolls that around the stationary gear 37 at the same speed as the gear 43, and that necessarily, on account of the operations above mentioned, rotates the gear 36 at exactly the same speed as the gear 45. There fore, under the conditions mentioned, that is, with the gear 37 held stationary the two shafts 30 and" 35 will rotate exactly in umson. a

It may be stated" at this point that the shank of the gear 37 has keyed to it a bevel or other gear 48, and that meshing with this is a gear 49 on an inclined upwardly extend- This shaft can be. turned 52 mounted in a suitable bearing on the frame 31, and having a'handle 53. This shaft'52 has a graduated bevel scale 54 lixed to it to turn with it, and the bearing 55 on which this shaft is supported has a registering conical surface 56 having a zero point on it for indicating the amount which this shaft 52 is turned. Indirectly it indicates -the eccentricity of the center of the table 32 bearing on the rotating head 33. This shaft is screw threaded and is provided with a threaded nut 57 which can be moved along the shaft by turning it. Extending from this nut there is a pin 58 projecting into a slide 59 above, and there is also a screw 60 extending down'into the nut from the slide 59 so "that the two work together and always move together. This slide is mounted to move in a radial direction on ways 61 carried by the rotary head 33.. This slide 59 has a depression or socket in which there is an anti-friction bearing 62 which carries within it the end of a stud 63 constituting a center pin and rejecting down from an opening through t e table 32 in which ofpening this in accuratel fits. The to o the openin 1s enlarged .rorreceiv'mg t e head 64=of the pin which is held in position by screws, so that the top of the table is fiat and continuous. It will be understood of course that it is provided with T-slots 65 whereby the piece of work as W can be secured to the table by the usual headed bolts and nuts.

From what has been said, it will be apparent that when the scale 54 is turned to the desired point and the gear 37 is held in stationary position, the rotation of the-hollow shaft 30 will cause the inner shaft 35 to rotate with it at exactly the same speed. Therefore there will be no relative rotation between the 'gears55 and 56. Also no motion of the slide 59 will occur, but the pin 63, having previously been set to some eccentric position, will rotate about the center of the shaft 35 and cause a motion of the table 32 with it in its plane. Now when it is desired to feed the work one way or the other to increase the cut or release it from the cutter, the handle 53 is turned in one direction or the other. This obviously' 'causcs relative rotation of the gears 55 and 56, due to the fact thatih'e two shafts 30 and. 35 will then rotate at different speeds while the shaft 52 is bein turned. In this way the eccentricdescribed above, without other control, would be a floating rotation, and it would "be capable of angular or swinging] motion con-" stitutinga creeping about the eccentric pin 63. In order to keep the table always in parallel positions, that-is, with any line thereon alwa s-pointing'in the same direction irrespective of rotation and adjustments,

I- provide a parallel motion as follows p On the top of the base '31'are two vertical studs Pivotally mounted .on these studs 70 are two links 71 of exactly the same effective length; and also pivotally mounted on the bottom of'the table aretwo corresponding vertical studs 72 and pivoted on them are two links 73 of the same eflective lengths as the links 71. The two" links 71 and73 of each pairare connected to each "other-by a stud 74. Therefore-there are two of these studs 74 both" in vertical'positi'on supported solely by the links and thesetwo studs are connected by a longitudinal link 7 5.

As the two studs 70 are stationary and ate constant distance apart and as the two studs 7 2 are movable with the table but al ways-at the same constant distance'apart, the link motion above described constltutes a parallel motion; therefore the table will be constraine toy. move in a parallel" manner; that is, an line drawn on the table can not at any time under any ,conditions, when the parts are in proper place, be made to change its direction; This insures accurate grinding as it prevents circumferential creeping of the table.

Inoperation the grinding wheel spindle 22 is' set in rotation,and th1s spindle may be vconsidered as centrally located. The table 32 is then set in motion by the driving mechanism above described. If the pin 63 is exactly central position at this time the table will have no motion, but as soon as the. handle 53 is turned in either direction the stud 63 will be moved thereby out of its central positiomand the table will be actuated about the axis of the shaft 35 with an amplitude of radius that is given itby the eccentricity of the pin63. The workW is required vto be accurately located relative to the wheel" on spindle 22. This may be manumeans of the T slots 65 in the table 32. 's soon as the wheel begins to cut, the handle 53 is left in a stationary osition while the grinding wheel is traverse along the work as fares it is tobe ground, When the reduction has taken place throughout the length of the work, the I handle 53 can be turned its little as may be desired to add to the depth of-the cut and i p the operator. Then'iotion of the [table 32 that has been operator and that the work trols the movement of the ork out of the 1 this can be controlled within very fine limits.

The traverse of the wheel is done in the present instance by the operation "of the hand wheel 20 and is withinthe control of From this itwill bev seen that the adjustment of thegrinding wheel toward and from the work is controlled ver finely the H has atrue planetary or orbitahmotion which cannot be disturbed in any :Way inthis machine. Also the fineness of adjustmentis within the coutrol of the operator at all times, and the same instrumentality that controls that alsoconpath of the grinding wheel so that the latter can be raised up out of the work: I

Although I have described this as per.- forming the operation of internal grinding in' an engine cylinder or the like, I are aware of thefact that is suitable for many other kinds of internalgrinding and also for external g'rindirng. Although have illustrated and. described only a. Sin le form of the-invention, I am. aware of the lactthat modifications can be made thereinby any person skilled inthe art, withoutdeparting from the scope ofthe invention as expressed in the claims, and'that the invention can be used independently of the drill-features here in referred to. w 9 Having thus described my inventionwhat. Iclaim is:- 1. In a grinding machine, the combination with a rotary grinding wheel spindle adapted to be adjusted in an axial dlrectionfof a work supporting table capable of movement about an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle and having means for clamping the work thereon, a rotary shaft, a slide mount- 1m adapted to be adjusted in an axial direction,

of a. work supporting table located beyond the end of said spindle, said table being capable of movement about an axis parallel with the axis of the spindle and having means for clamping the work thereon,"a rotary shaft. extending toward the said table, a rotary head surrounding the shaft, a slide mounted to move radiallybn' said head, a pin mounted on said slide and'fadapted to engage the table to move the table with it,

whereby the table can be actuated by the rotation of said shaft when the pin is in an eccentric position thereon, andfmeans for adjusting the position of said slide radially while the shaft and table are moving. 7

3. In a grinding machine, the combina- -tion with a' vertically ad'ustable and rotatable grindin wheel spin le, of a work table mounted be ow said spindle, means for clamping the work on the top of sald table,

' a pin connected with the center of said table,

and therefore'adjnsting the eccentricity of said pin,

4. In a grinding machine, the combination with a rotary grinding wheel spindle adapted to be adjusted, of a work supporting table capable of movement on an axis parallel to the axis of the spindle, and having means for clamping the'work thereon, a

. rotary shaft, a 'pin mounted to move radially and to rotate and adapted to engage the table to move the table with it, a hollow shaft on which said pin is movably mounted and through which the first named shaft passes, means for rotating the hollow shaft,

and means connected with the'hollow shaft for normally rotating the inner shaft at the same speed. I

5. In a. grinding machine, the combination with a rotary grinding wheel spindle, of a rotary worksupporting table having means for clamping the work thereon, a rotary shaft, a hollow head rotatable about the shaft, a slide mounted to move radially in said head, a pin mounted on said slide and adapted to engage the table to move the table with it, whereby the table can be actuated by the rotation of said head when the pin is in an eccentric positionthereon, and means for adjusting the eccentricity of said pin while the shaft and head are rotating, said means comprising a hollow shaft on which said head is mounted and through which the first named shaft passes, means for positively rotating the hollow. shaft. a rotary member, and connections with the rotary member for rotating the inner shaft from the hollow shaft at exactly the same speed when the rotary member is held in stationary position and for causing them to rotate at unequal speeds whenever the said rotary member is in motion. v

6. In a grinding machine, the combination with a rotary grinding wheel spindle,

of a work supporting table, a rotary shaft, a rotary head surrounding the shaft, a slide mounted to move radially in said head, a pin mounted on said slide and adapted to en-.

gage the table to move the table with it, whereby theftable can be actuated by the rotation of said head when the pin is in an eccentric position thereon, a second shaft on which said head is mounted, means for rotating the second shaft, a gearfixed on the second shaft, ,a stationary gear of the same size and number of teeth, a transverse shaft on the second shaft, a third gear thereon meshing with both of said gears, a freely rotatable gear, a gear fixed on the first shaft, and a gc'a-iwmeshing with the last two named gears and located on the transverse shaft, whereby when the freely rotatable gear is held fixed the first shaft will be rotated at the same speed as the second shaft by said system of gears.

7. In a grinding machine, the combination with a rotary grinding wheel spindle, of a work supporting table, a rotary shaft, a rotaryhead surrounding the shaft, a pin mounted in said head and adapted to engage thetable to move the table with it, whereby the table can be actuated by the rotation of said head whenthe .pin is in an eccentric position on the head, a hollow shaft on which said head is' mounted and through which the first named shaft passes, means for rotating the hollow shaft, :1 bevel gear fixed on the hollow shaft, a stationary 'bevel gear of the same size and number-of teeth, a transverse shaft, a third bevel gear thereon meshing with both of said bevel gears, a freely rotatable bevel gear, a bevel gear of the same size and number of teeth as the freely rotatable bevel gear fixed on the inner shaft, a bevel gear meshing with the last two named bevel gears and located on the transverse shaft, whereby when the freely rotatable bevel gear is held fixed the inner shaft will be rotated at the same speed as the hollow shaftby said system of bevel gears, and adjustable means for turn ing the freely rotatable gear for the purpose of changing the eccentricity of said pin and the radius about which the table is actuated.

8. In a grinding machine, the combination with a rotary grinding wheel spindle, of a work supporting table, a rotary shaft extending toward said table, a rotary head surrounding the shaft, a slide mounted to move radially in said head, a pin mounted on said slide and adapted to engage. the table'to move the table with it, whereby the table can be actuated by the rotation of said head when the pin is in an eccentric position thereon, a hollow shaft on which'said head is mounted and through which the first named shaft passes, means forrotating the hollow shaft, and means connected with the hollow shaft for normally rotating the inner shaft at the same speed as said hollow shaft,

said means comprising a rotary member and connections with the rotary member for rotating the inner shaft with the hollow shaft at exactly the samespeed when the rotary member is held in stationary position and for causing them to rotate at unequal speeds whenever the said rotary member is in motion, gear teeth on said rotary member,

a shaft having a; gear meshing with said gear teeth, a handle for turning said shaft, and meanson said handle for indicating the amount which the shaft is turned.-'

9. In a' grinding machine, the combina tion with a rotary grinding wheel spindle,

whereby of a work supporting table, a rotary shaft,

a rotary head surroundin the shaft, a slide mounted to move radial y-in'said head, a pin mounted on said slide and adapted to engage thetable'to move the table with it, the table can be actuated by the rotation of said head when the pin is in an stationary part of the frame for insuring eccentric position thereon," means. for adv justing the eccentricity of said piii while the shaft-andv head are rotating, and a parallel motion device connecting the table with a the actuation ofthe tablein such a manner that any line thereon maintains the same angular position during the movement of the table.

10. In a grinding machine, the combinatiomwith a rotary grinding -,wheel spindle and means for feeding it, of a base, a .worktable movably mounted on said base and having means for clamping the-work theremovin on, a head rotatable beyond the table, a

slide mounted on said head, a pin carried by the slide and engaging the table for the table with the pin, f means for adjustm the position of the pin, whereby when it is in eccentric position the rotation of the head will cause the table to. be actuated, a pair of parallel 'links'p'ivoted to said base another pair ofparallel links pivoted to the first named links and also pivoted to the table, said links allbeing of the same length, and a connecting link connected at its opposite ends with the links of the two pairs at the point at which they are pivoted to ether for insuring a parallel motion of he table.'

11. In a grinding machine, the combina tion with a rotary grinding wheel'spindle and means for feeding it, of a base, a work in table movably mounted on said base, a engaging the table .for moving the ta le with the 'pin, means for rotating the pin,

means for adjusting the position ofthe pin, whereby when it is in eccentric position the.

rotation will cause the table to be actuated, a pair of parallel links pivoted to said base, another pair of the first named li and'also pivoted to the table, said links all being of the same'length,

and a connecting link connected at opposite ends with the-links of the two pairs at the point at which they are pivoted together for insuring a parallel motion of the table.

12. In a grinding .machine, the combination with a rotary grinding wheel spindle, of a base, a work tablemovably mounted on said base and having means for clamping the work thereon, a pair of parallel links arallel links pivoted to ivoted to said base, another pair of paral el. links pivoted to the first named links and also pivoted to the table, said links all bemg of the same length, and a connectinglink connected at opposite ends with the.

links of the two pairs atthe-p oint at which they are pivoted together for insuring a parallel motion of the table.

- 13. A work supporting and actuatingtable for internal cylindrical inding machines comprising in combination, a base, a.

table movable thereon, an eccentric rotat-* ably mounted in said base-and engaging a circular opening in said table, means to adjust/the eccentricityof said eccentric, and a parallel motion linkage adapted to maintain the table in parallelpositions while it is being actuated in a planetary path.

.15." A work supporting and actuating table for internal cylindrical grinding-'machines comprising in combination, a base,

a table movable thereon, an eccentric rotatably mountedin said base and engaging a circular "opening in said table, means to adjust the eccentricity of said eccentric duringactuation of said, table, and a parallel motion" linkage adapted to maintain the table in paral el positions while it is being actuated 1n a planetary path.

16. A work supporting and actuating table for internal cylindrical grinding machines comprisin in combination, a base, a table movable 't lier'eon, aneccentric rotatably mounted in said base and engaging'a circular opening-in said table, and a parallel motion linkage comprising a plurality of pairs of parallel links pivotal y engaging table in parallel positions while it is being actuated in a planetary path.

a fvork supporting platen adapted, for motionin a horizontal plane, of; single means.

said base and table adapted to maintain the.

1:7; The combination in a machine having:

to rotate-the platen .in said plane, an inter-' mediate member movable'bodily in an arouate path, andmeans including arallel links pivotally connected at one en to the ends of the platen and at-theiropposite ends to the intermediatemember to maintain said platen parallel to a given line in said plane. 18'. The combination in a machine: having a work supporting platen adapted-for motion in a horizontal plane, ofa single eccen trio adapted to drive the platen, and means to maintain the platen parallel to a line in said plane including a floating mter-' mediate member movablebodily in an arouate path, parallel links pivotally connecting said member and theplaten, and parallel links connecting said member and a fixed support.

19. The combination in a machine having a work supporting platen adapted for mobeing attached to spaced points of the floating member.

20. The combination in a machine having a work supporting platen adapted for motion in a horizontal plane, of means to move one'point of. the platen in circular paths in said plane of varying diameters, and means to maintain the platen parallel to a given line in said plane, said'meansinclnding a floating member, having points. restrained to arcuate motion in said plane, and parallel links pivotally connected to said member and to the platen.

21. The combination in a grinding ma.- chine of a platen slidably mounted in a horizontal plane for movement in any direction, means maintaining said platen parallel to agiven line in said plane comprisneaaeoo ing an intermediate member and two pairs of parallel links connecting said intermediate member to a fixed support and to said platen, one end of each link of a pair being attached to spaced points of the floating member, and means for driving the platen, said driving means comprising a single vertically-disposed eccentric mounted beneath said platen.

22. The combination in a grinding machine having a work supporting platen mounted for motion on a fixed table, of adjustable eccentric means for driving a point in said platen in a circular path, a floating member, parallel links pivotally connected at their ends to said member and to the table, and parallel links pivotally connected at their ends to said member and .to the platen.

23. The combination in a grinding machine having a platen slidably mounted on a table, of means for controlling the motion bodily of said platen in circular pathsof varying diameters comprising a pair of parallel links pivotally connected at one end to the table, a pair of parallel links pivotally connected at one end to the platen, and a floating member pivotally connected at separate points to the opposite ends of each of said pairs of links.

In ,testimony whereof I have hereunto aifixcd my signature.

FRANK O. HOAGLAND. 

